Recovering, adjusting after sexual assault Published April 13, 2006 By Cynthia Evans 20th Fighter Wing Public Affairs SHAW AIR FORCE BASE, S.C. -- Sexual assault occurs when one person forces any unwanted sexual contact onto another person. It can involve a stranger, friend, partner or acquaintance. It can involve any type of unwanted sexual behavior. Being sexually assaulted involves both physical and psychological assault. Assault victims experience a range of emotions that include fear, shame, anger and depression. Most sexual assault victims are women and most perpetrators are men. However, a significant number of males also are sexually assaulted. For the sake of simplicity, the victims in this article are females. Sexual assault victims usually have emotional and physical reactions that fall into three stages. These can be described as shock, adjustment and resolution. Shock usually lasts from a few hours to several weeks. The victim experiences shock, disbelief, fear and anger. She may have phobic reactions to the place where the sexual assault occurred. She may also have flashbacks, an immediate sense of reliving the sexual assault and trouble sleeping. Adjustment comes next. During this temporary stage, the victim begins to feel like her life is returning to normal and tries to regain some sense of control. She may deny the impact of the assault. Resolution is the time when healing occurs. It is often an uncomfortable period for the victim. She may have many of the same feelings that she experienced immediately following the assault, but now she is closer to being ready to resolve them. She may feel depressed, experience mood swings, feel cut off from others or need to isolate herself. During this stage of recovery, many victims seek the services of a professional counselor. Most sexual assault victims report some of the following physical and emotional symptoms: apathy; difficulty concentrating; less interest in sex; eating disorders; loss of self-esteem; feeling nervous or jumpy; nausea and vomiting; feelings of depression, sadness and hopelessness; nightmares and flashbacks; guilt; panic attacks; headaches; physical pain; hypervigilance; poor appetite; inability to express emotions; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (chronic anxiety, inability to trust others, depression and flashbacks); insomnia; self-mutilation; irritability and anger; less interest in activities; isolation; shame and embarrassment; shock and denial; substance abuse and thoughts of suicide and death. Crisis intervention is an important first step. The first few days after an assault can be especially turbulent, and victims need the unique skills of counselors who are trained to respond to crises. Individual counseling is highly recommended. Any person who has been sexually assaulted will benefit from individual counseling sessions with a caring, experienced, mental health professional. Group therapy for sexual assault victims is an excellent way for victims to talk about their experiences with others in a supportive and nonjudgmental atmosphere. Couples counseling can help the victim and her partner to explore their feelings, talk about how the assault is impacting their relationship, and learn coping skills. Since every person and situation is different, victims of sexual assault respond to an assault in different ways. Many factors can influence an individual's recovery from sexual assault. Some examples include the following: circumstances surrounding the assault; severity of the assault; victim's relationship to the perpetrator; how police and medical workers respond to the assault; victim's age and maturity level; victim’s view of the attack and what meaning she gives it; victim's support system; quality of the response of the victim's family and friends and community attitudes toward sexual assault. Based on these factors, some survivors of sexual assault recover fairly quickly. Others feel the effects of the experience throughout their lifetime. If you have any questions or concerns, please call Ms. Cynthia Evans at 895-7272.